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XZXXXXQXXXZ  _  XYXXXQ,    )@*j\6&"`z1% `E,,%y%y,,%j (#(#        (#(#  ReleaseNo.0203.00  'X/rXXXY'4X'X/r Remarks  `  #9 '4##XYX 9#(X[ XXXY 0  AsPreparedforDelivery#XYX X(X[-# V (#(#   bỳDeputySecretaryofAgricultureRich_Rominger_ RebuildingtheUnityofHealthandtheEnvironment:̀ANewVisionofEnvironmentalHealthforthe21stCentury . InstituteofMedicinetheNationalAcademiesWashington,D.C.!June20,2000  XZXXXY  Thankyou,Dr._Reiter_,forthatintroduction.MythankstotheInstituteofMedicineand  theRoundtableforthisambitiousagenda.Inmanyways,SecretaryGlickmanandItalkagreatdealaboutthisissue.Wewrestleeverydaywiththehugesubjectofagricultureanditscomplicatedrelationshiptothehealthofthepeopleofthisnation.Weareawareineverythingwedo,everyactionwetake,thatwereleavingastamponthelandandfarmore!onecosystems r andthewellbeingoffuturegenerations.WerefrequentlyfrustratedthattheresadisconnectbetweentheAmericanpublicandatrueunderstandingoftodaysagriculture.Thepublicviewisstillverytraditional,stoppingatthedoorofproductionagriculture.OneofourgreatchallengesistomakeAmericatakenoteandtoaddressonmanylevelsthequestion:whyiscontemporaryagricultureimportanttoyou?  ThatswhyIappreciatethisopportunitytoshedlightonagriculturesenormouscontributionstohumanhealth,thegreatprogressthatsbeenmade,thechallengesaheadandthelinksamongagriculturesmajorsystems.  Agriculturedirectlyaffectshumanhealthintwomajorways:throughtheenvironmentalandecosystemchangesoffarmproduction,andthroughanavailable,nutritioussupplyoffood.  Agenda21,whichcameoutoftheEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiroin1989,saidthat, Humanhealthdependsonahealthyenvironment,cleanwatersupply,sanitarywastedisposal,adequateshelterandagoodsupplyofhealthyfood.  USDAisdeeplyinvolvedineveryoneofthoseissues,includingshelter,whichourruralhousingprogramsaddress.@'more N-",. Ї@xx)2  Muchofwhatwedoisimmediate!puttingfoodinhungrystomachs...nutrition   programsthathelpfeedoneinsixAmericanseachmonth...newfoodrecoveryeffortsatthecommunityleveltogetfoodtothosewhoneedit.  Muchisforwardlooking!newtechnologiestoprotecttheenvironmentbyshiftingto  lowerriskpesticidesorpesticidealternatives...researchongreenhousegasandcarbonstoragethatwillaffectglobalchange.  Muchofwhatwedoisbasic!dayin,dayouttechnicalassistancetohelpprivate  `  landownerswithconservationpracticesforthelandtheyknowbest.  Andmuchofitisamoderndaypuzzle!figuringhowtogetthebiologicalscienceof \ 0  geneticallymodifiedorganismsinsyncwiththesocialscience...consumeracceptance.̀ X Ourgoalinthebroadestsenseis  foodsecurity,takingthattermfromfoodavailability , throughsafety,nutritionandquality.Ourpathtothatgoalisenvironmentalhealth,takingthat  termfromconservationthroughthequalityofourresources,_sustainability_Ԁand_biodiversity_.Underlyingourobjectivesinbotharescience,technologyandresearch.     X ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH    X Tostartatthebeginning,theresthepieceoflandthatfarmerscalltheirown.Theirrelationshipwiththelandmakesthemfarmorethanproducers.Itmakesthemstewardsoftheenvironmentandguarantorsofthenationsfutureabilitytokeepproducinganadequatesupplyoffood. |P  Thisfallsundertheheadingofsustainabledevelopment!notanewconcept,but l@ certainlyadynamiconethatkeepsevolvingtomeetthenationschangingneeds. L   Inabroadnationalsense,itsachallengetourbanandruralcommunitiestokeepthefarmerontheland!basictothefuturesupplyoffood. ,    !  Intheagriculturalsense,_sustainability_Ԁrecognizesthatourfarmerscanbeproductiveandprofitable,andstillbewisestewardsoftheirlandsandenvironment.ThatconceptiscapturedintheancientwisdomofaKenyanproverb: Treattheearthwell.Itwasnotgiventoyoubyyourparents.Itislenttoyoubyyourchildren.Tohelpthefarmermaintainthehealthoftheworkingland,USDAappliesthelatestresearchtofarmers'specificproblemsandmakesnewconservationtechniquespossible.Educationalandtechnicalassistancetranslatesscienceintopracticalconservationknowhowforproducers.Andbothsupportourconservationprogramsandpoliciesthatchartanationallyresponsibleandsustainablecourse. (`'*  |)P(+  l*@),   @@'more L, +. @* <-,/   ӄ38   Withthehistoricconservationprovisionsofthe1996FarmBill,webroughttogetherallthe partsofahealthylandscape!environmentalbenefitsthatincludenotjustsoilconservation  butair,water,soils,wildlifehabitatandthehealthofriversandstreams.Butmorecanbedone.   Earlierthisyear,PresidentClintonproposedaConservationSecurityProgramtostrengthentheeconomicenvironmentallinkage.Byprovidingdirectstewardshippaymentstofarmerswithcomprehensiveconservationplans,theprogramhighlightsthevoluntaryand  locallyledaspectofourprivatelandsconservationefforts.Thisisfarbiggerthanafarmissue.  p  Societybenefitsfromahealthyenvironment,andtheplentifulfooditproduces.Therefore,societyhasastakeinassistingfarmerstoproducehealthylandscapesalongwithhealthycrops. X ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH  \ 0   X Onekeyprovision,forexample,wouldboostfundstohelpproducerswithnutrientmanagement.Livestockandpoultryproductiongenerates$100billioneachyearinfarmrevenue.ThefactthatimproperlymanagedAnimalFeedingOperations(or_AFOs_)contributetowaterpollutionmustbebalancedwiththefactthattheyrejustoneofmanycontributors.Publiccriticismofanimalagriculturehasbeentriggeredbyoutbreakslike_Pfiesteria_ԀintheChesapeake,  excessiverunofffromdairyoperations,andoffensiveodorsfromhogandpoultryoperations.Butthisissuegoeswellbeyondanyonesector.   _AFOs_Ԁareagoodexampleofthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalandhumanhealththatexistsincertainareasofagricultureandhowwe'regearingourresearchaccordingly. p  Preciselybecausethisissueiscrosscutting,we'recuttingacrossdisciplinesinallphases ` ofresearchintomanureproductionandrunoff...focusingonnutrientissues,pathogens,andairquality.̀ Bymarryingconservationandscience,wehopetoachieveahistoriccontributiontocleanwater.ATUSDA,wekeeppushingthefrontiersofourknowledge,thesciencethatstandsbehindthedepartmentsandthenationshighestpriorities.Thisresearchnotonlymakeshightechadvancespossible,butpracticalandworkable.advanceslikethenewvarietyoflow_phytase_cornthat,whenfedtopigsandchickens...plainlyput,meansalmost50percentlessphosphoruscomesouttheotherend,goodnewsforcleanerwateradvanceslikeresearchthatexploreslinks..thelinkbetweenmanureproductionandexcessnutrientsthatmaycontributeto"redtides"and_Pfiesteria_,causingfishkillsandhumanillness...thecomplexlinksamongfertilizerandmanure #"% use,nutrientsflowingdowntheMississippiRiverandhypoxiaintheGulfofMexico...andtheconnectionbetweenmanuremanagementandatmosphericemissionofodorsandgreenhousegases. X@'more@* <-,/   ӄ4y& CLIMATECHANGE     X Theincreasingbuildupofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereisanindisputablefact.Moredebatableistheextenttowhichgreenhousegaswillchangetheclimateovertime.Foragriculture,onethingiscertain:theseemissionspresentpotentialrisksandopportunitiesthatcouldhavesignificantconsequencesforfarmproduction,prices,andincome...andultimatelyforAmericanfoodconsumers.  p   XӀ  Justlastweek,theAdministrationreleasedthereportoftheU.S.GlobalChange  `  ResearchProgram,thefirstsuchcomprehensiveeffortbyanycountry.Foragriculture,theconsensusisthatproductionofmanymajorcropswillprobablyincrease.Butthismaymeanuptoa20percentincreaseinpesticideusewithanenvironmentalimpactthatcouldbesubstantial.  TheFederalgovernmentisspendingabout$1.7billionthisyearonglobalchange,withUSDA'sworkonthecarboncycleakeypartofthisstudy.̀  Thisasagreatopportunityforagriculturetobepartofthesolution.Wereexploring   agriculture'scapabilityasahugesinktoabsorbandstorecarbon.Bysequesteringcarboninagriculturalsoils,we'dachievemorethanpullingcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphereandcuttingtherateofglobalwarming.Carboncontentisatopindicatorofsoilhealthand_sustainability_.Byincreasingsoilorganiccontent,we'dimprovewaterholdingcapacity,fertility,andproductivity.We'reworkingwithresearchpartnersacrossthecountryonagriculture'sroleinthecarbonbalanceandhowit'strackedovertime8howfarmersandrancherscanstoreitinsoils  thefeasibilityofacarbonmarket8andhowfarmproductiondecisions,conservationpractices, p andgovernmentpolicycanhelp.Thesearecomplexrelationshipswithgreatpotentialforatriplewinforproductionagriculture,forclimatechange,andthepublicwellbeing. FOODSAFETYANDSECURITY  \0  X Andwhilewe'reconsideringtheimpactofagriculturalsystemsonglobalclimate,wemustalsonarrowthefocustotheconnectionbetweenmicrobialpathogensandfoodsafetytogetafullviewofagricultureslinktohumanhealth.  !"  TheEnglishwriterG.K.Chestertononcesaidthat Thetelescopemakestheworldsmaller;itisonlythemicroscopethatmakesitlarger. #"%  WhenthisAdministrationcameintoofficein1993,wegotawakeupcallabouttheimperativeofassuringthesafetyofthefoodsupply.FourPacificNorthwestyoungstershaddiedfromtaintedhamburgers.̀ Reducingmicrobialpathogensinfoodsofbothplantandanimaloriginisthemostpressingfoodsafetyproblemtoday.Itsestimatedthat5,000peopledieand76milliongetsickeachyearfrom_foodborne_Ԁillnesses.  @@'more2 L, +. @* <-,/ * *   *    ӄ5u3 Inthepastsevenyears,theAdministrationssciencebasedinspectionsystem!Hazard  AnalysisandCriticalControlPoints,(or_HACCP_)!hasresultedinasharpdropinthe   prevalenceofsalmonellainrawmeatandpoultry,andasharpriseinpublichealthprotection.̀ Wevemetwhatwecallour HealthyPeople2000goalsfor_Campylobacter_,Salmonella,E.coli,andListeria.Cuttingacrossfederalagenciestogetatthefullscopeoftheproblem,thePresidenthasdirectedSecretariesGlickmanandShalalatodevelopplanstoreducetherisksfromListeriainreadytoeatfoods.Ourproposedregulationsrequiringmicrobiologicaltestingbyindustryshouldresultina50percentreductioninthenumberofillnessescausedbyListeriabytheyear2005.̀ Asanupdate,letmementionthatthePresidentsCouncilonFoodSafety,whichSecretaryGlickmancochairs,willcompleteitsresponsethissummertothePresidentsrequestforacomprehensivefederalfoodsafetystrategicplan.IunderstandtheplanwilladdressmanyoftheissuestheNationalAcademyofSciences,NationalResearchCouncil,andInstituteofMedicineraisedintheirwidelycirculatedandmuchdiscussedAugust98reportontheU.S.foodsafetysystem.̀ Scienceandtechnologyinnovationareourfirstlineofdefenseagainstfuturefoodsafetychallenges.WemonitornationalfoodborneillnessthroughFoodNet.WetraceDNAfingerprintsof_foodborne_Ԁdiseasethrough_PulseNet_,theSherlockHolmesofourdetectionsystem.Wevedevelopedacomprehensivefarmtotablestrategytoattacktheproblemateverylinkinthefoodchain.   Thatmeanslookingatentiresystems.Whileourresearchdetectsandquantifiespathogensfromplants,animals,andseafood,wealsodependonvoluntaryactiononthepartoffarmersandranchersaspartofthiswholesystemapproach.Porkproducers,forexample,havedonesuchafinejobwithvoluntaryqualityassurancethattheyvevirtuallyeradicated_Trichina_. l@  \0  Werealsourgingthenationtothinkoutofthebox.WetendtoassociateE.coliO157! L  arelativelynewhumanpathogenwithbeef.ButtheoutbreakataNewYorkstatefairlastyearwastracedbacktowater,soitscriticalthatwethinkofthesehumanpathogensaspartoftheoverallenvironment.̀ Onadisturbingnote,certainpathogensandothermicrobesareevolvingresistanceonaglobalscaletotraditionalcontrolmethods,includingantibiotics.ThisisanextremelyhighpriorityandUSDAhasalreadyrespondedwithanewantimicrobialresistanceresearchunit. $#&  Whilefoodsafetyisakeyaspectofafoodsecureworld,itsjustpartofthedefinition.Therecanbenosecurityiffoodisntavailable!andinaperfectworld,abundant!andif &%( nutritionalneedsarentmet.@*̀ Webelieveinthepromiseofbiotechnologytoachievefoodsecurityandenvironmentalbenefitsglobally.Webelieveinthesafetyofbiotechnologyproducts.Technologyismovingfast.Andoneofourchallengesisensuringthatregulationskeeppacewithinnovation.Forthesereasons,theAdministrationsnewinitiativeswillstrengthenoursciencebasedregulationofagriculturalbiotechnologyprepareforfutureinnovationpromotemarketopportunitiesforU.S.farmers.andprovideconsumerswithaccurateinformationandasafefoodsupply. /-1    @` moreB 0/3 )@ )  )   ,   6 @` 5C Inconnectionwithgettingthewordtoconsumers,IwanttomentiontheintenseeffortsofSecretaryDanGlickmantobringthisnationthemessageofnutrition.Ourfarmerscangrowthemostabundant,mosthealthful,andnutritiousproduceintheworld,butifAmericansdontheedtheadviceofthenewlyreleasedDietaryGuidelines,theirdietsstillgetafailinggrade.  XZXXXZ Beyondadministeringprogramsthatprovidenutritionassistancetomillionseachmonth  beyondrunningtheprogramthatservedmorethan5billionsubsidizedschoolmealslastyear.  USDAkeepsbreakingnewgroundtobringnutritiontoAmerica.    p   Wereaskingwhywecontinuetofoilourselvesinhealthfulfoodchoiceswhenweunderstandtheconsequencesofpoordiet.Wevehostedanumberof firststogetanswers! | P  nationalconferencesonChildhoodObesityandDietaryBehavior,andtheGreatNutritionDebate.AndwereapplyingUSDAsvastresearchresourcestothedietbehaviorlinktogaininsightforahealthierfuture. <  Thisismoreamatterofeducationthanfarmandagriculturepolicy.Itsascentraltothetotalenvironmentalhealthconnectionasconservationmeasuresonthefarmandpathogensunderthemicroscope.   Itsoneofourgreatchallenges,alongwiththechallengetoproduceinwaysthatcontributetoenvironmentalandhumanhealth#XZXXXZ'E#.thechallengetoconveyagreaterunderstanding  thatUSDAdoesmorethansupportcommoditypricesandtocommunicatethatfoodandagriculturepolicyispartofonegreatsystem.   Theissuesaretoobig,toopressing,andtoointerrelatedtoaccommodate_marginalized_thinking.Agricultureisavastsubjectwithaproudhistoryofprogressandinnovation,andgreatpotentialforadvancinghumanhealth.Mythanksforgivingmethechancetobringfullcircle! |P eveninalimitedway!thelinksbetweenthegoaloffoodsecurityandtheenvironmentalwell l@ beingcrucialtogettingthere. L  Thank_you._ ,  @)#